Research: TPACK
The TPACK framework
The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, is one of the most influential frameworks for technology integration in teaching, first introduced in Mishra and Koehler (2006). The framework seeks to capture some of the essential qualities of knowledge required by teachers for the intelligent integration of in their teaching.
Key articles
I would like to highlight a few articles about the TPACK framework that I have been part of.
- Mishra & Koehler, 2006: The article that first introduced the framework
- Koehler & Mishra, 2008: The introductory chapter we wrote for the first TPACK handbook
- Herring, Koehler, & Mishra, 2016: The introductory chapter to the 2nd TPACK handbook.
There are of course many others – which can be found by using the search function on the top, or by browsing the blog posts related to TPACK at the bottom of this page.
The TPACK story
A few years ago I was asked to speak at the fall Doctoral Research Forum for the Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College. I decided to speak about the role of theory in research since, in my experience, this is something that many graduate students find challenging. I contextualized the discussion within the history of the work that Matt Koehler and I did in developing the TPACK framework. You can see the video of the talk Why Theory: Or the TPACK story to learn more of the origin of the idea. (Incidentally, Matt has his own version of the origin story that you can find at Blurred visions: Another history of TPACK.
TPACK, ChatGPT & GenAI
The rise of Generative AI (and tools such as ChatGPT) and their potential impact on education have been discussed and debated ad-nauseam. The key question, is what it is that teachers need to know to intelligently integrate these technologies in their practice. This paper brings together some early work on people’s psychological responses to media, my work on the TPACK framework, and our evolving understanding of these new technologies. Citation given below.
Mishra, P, Warr, M, & Islam, R. (2023). TPACK in the age of ChatGPT and Generative AI. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, DOI: 10.1080/21532974.2023.2247480
Fun with TPACK
It doesn’t have to all work and no play. Below are some fun TPACK related resources that I have either created or archived.
Spread of the idea
The TPACK framework has influenced research and practice across the world. One of the measures of its impact is the extent of scholarship and research that has emerged from it.
Data from Judi Harris (tpack.pages.wm.edu)
Learn more about
There are a wide range of resources about TPACK on the web. On this website you can find
- The TPACK Newsletter: Curated by Judi Harris and archived here
- TPACK videos based on presentations that I have made over the years.
Other important resources are the TPACK.org website (maintained by Matt Koehler) and the wikipedia TPACK page (maintained by members of the TPACK-Special Interest Group at SITE).
Blog posts related to TPACK
Of Pride & Prejudice (and a Smart Drunk Intern)
How many students feel pride in the work they are made to do for school? My guess is very few. Pride if anything comes from the final grade not the work itself. The work too often is just meant to be seen by the teacher. I have been thinking about this idea of pride...
27 Windows on the Universe (09): Metaphors as Windows
I thought I was done with this series about the human side of science, drawn from interviews with 27 cosmologists. Earlier posts explored, how this project started, the method, the role of wonder and beauty, the craft, how scientists think, what keeps them going and...
27 Windows on the Universe (08): The Last Window
This is the last post in a series about the human side of science, drawn from interviews with 27 cosmologists. Earlier posts explored, how this project started, the method, the role of wonder and beauty, the craft, how scientists think, what keeps them going and how...
Paths Crossing at the Digital Maidan: Keynotes, Forewords, and Futures
This post is long overdue. I was in Bangalore, back in December 2025, for the Quest 2 Learn Summit organized by the Quest Alliance. Quest and I go back to 2008, when I first attended one of their conferences. Our paths have kept crossing since: the Quest to Learning...
The Mirror and the Black Box: AI Metaphors and What They Mean for Learning
The latest installment of the Rethinking Technology & Creativity column in TechTrends is published. This one, co-authored with Danah Henriksen, is called "The Mirror and the Black Box: AI Metaphors and What They Mean for Learning." (Full citation and link below.)...
The Classroom and Beyond: Teacher Education in a GenAI World
Danah Henriksen and I have a chapter in the Third International Handbook of Educational Change (2026), edited by A. Lin Goodwin, Andy Hargreaves, Victoria Showunmi, Corrie Stone-Johnson, and Jennie Weiner. In our chapter, "The Classroom and Beyond: Teacher Education...
27 Windows on the Universe (07): The Ecosystem
This is the seventh in a series about the human side of science, drawn from interviews with 27 cosmologists. T Earlier posts explored, how this project started, the method, the role of wonder and beauty, the craft, how scientists think, and what keeps them going and...
27 Windows on the Universe (06): The Drive
This is the sixth in a series about the human side of science, drawn from interviews with 27 cosmologists. Earlier posts explored, how this project started, the method, the role of wonder and beauty, the craft and how scientists think. This one is about what keeps...
Look What You Made Me Do: The Dawkins Saga, Part II
A week or so ago I wrote a letter to Richard Dawkins — part tribute, part diagnosis — about his now-famous two-day conversation with Claude (or rather, "Claudia"), in which one of our most celebrated skeptics concluded that the chatbot might well be conscious. The...
A Transatlantic Keynote (No Travel Required)
Earlier this year, the University of Glasgow held its first International Symposium on AI in Education, organized by the School of Education and the Centre for Teaching Excellence. I was invited to give the keynote. The catch: I was in Arizona. Mark Peart, Gabriella...
Three Questions on Questions: On Asking, Knowing and Noticing
Note: This post is a followup to a piece I had written earlier. You can find that post Why Sal Khan’t: On Learning by Making but Teaching by Telling. This post was also cross-posted on the Civics of Technology blog. "Students aren't great at asking questions well."...
From Spectator to Specimen: When Parasocial Media Becomes Parasocial AI
Facebook!!! How it has changed over the years. I remember the time when it was a space to connect with friends and family, get their updates and more. It was a bit performative, for sure, but it still felt like a space worth visiting once in a while, to check in. All...
This View of Life: A Letter to Richard Dawkins
Note: Richard Dawkins made the news recently with an essay describing his two-day conversation with Claude, the AI chatbot from Anthropic, ending in the conclusion that Claude must be conscious. There have been many responses; this is mine — partly about that...
Banning what won’t go away: A new AIR|GPT episode
Tech bans, and calls for more of them, are in the air. The Los Angeles Unified School District just banned screens. Australia banned social media for everybody under 16 years of age. Other districts and states are following, or weighing whether to do so or not. That...
27 Windows on the Universe (05): The Internal Landscape
This is the fifth in a series about the human side of science, drawn from interviews with 27 cosmologists. Earlier posts explored the origin of the project, the method, wonder and beauty, and craft. This one is about something that surprised me in the data: these...