Research: Aesthetics & learning
Why Aesthetics?

A child’s first experience, of peeking through a telescope to see the vivid sharply etched, yet fragile, rings of Saturn is a powerful one; perhaps as powerful as standing amidst redwood trees listening to the sound of wind rustling through the leaves or experiencing a moment of clarity when an elegant geometrical proof, surprising in its simplicity, emerges from a chaos of sketches and doodles. It is in this sense of awe and wonder that our minds nibble at confronting powerful ideas such as infinity (whether the infinity of numbers, or the interminably large scale of the cosmos, or the immeasurably small universe of cells and atoms and quarks). The emotional turbulence that overwhelms us when we reflect on nature, truly understand a scientific idea, or solve a tricky mathematical or engineering problem often leads to powerful aesthetic experiences. These experiences, we argue, are no different or less than the aesthetic experience we have in engaging with powerful artistic human creations, be it music or the visual arts.
That said, the role of the aesthetic has often been ignored in the discussion on learning. And I truly believe that is a huge mistake on our part.
On designing aesthetic educational
experiences in science

I was invited to give a presentation on this topic at conference titled Beauty at Work: An International Symposium at the Catholic University of America, in Washington DC (May 2023). I was part of a session on Aesthetic Properties and Scientific Information, along with Myron Penner (a philosopher of science from Trinity Western University); Amanda Nichols (professor of chemistry from Oklahoma Christian University); Milena Ivanova (from Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge); and Rebecca Kamen (artist in residence at the University of Pennsylvania). More details about the conference and a video of my talk (On designing aesthetic educational experiences in science) can be found here.
Aesthetics & coding

Does beauty have a role to play in learning to code? Can code aspire to beauty and elegance? In this article (Good, Keenan, & Mishra, 2016, titled Education:=Coding + Aesthetics), we argue that it does and it should.
Mathematical poetry

What does mathematics have to do with poetry? Not much, at one level, but a lot at another. Though their goals may be different, both mathematicians and poets play with structure and form, seek elegance and parsimony in their work. And in their own way they strive for truth and beauty—defined within the rules and structures of their discipline. I have loved both mathematics and poetry – with little or no success in each. But over the years I have played little games with both and some of these explorations are presented here.
Why aesthetics is essential (for science education)

Beauty at Work is a podcast that “explores how beauty shapes our lives and the work that we do” hosted by Brandon Vaidyanathan, Associate Professor of Sociology at The Catholic University of America. In its first season the focus is on beauty in science. As part of this series, Brandon has spoken with physicists, philosophers, psychiatrists, neuroscientists, entrepreneurs, psychologists and more. I was lucky to be a guest on this podcast, in an episode titled: Why Aesthetics is Essential for Science Education.
Why Teachers should care about beauty
In the article for the journal iWonder (Why teachers should care about beauty in science) – we explored the role of beauty in science education. In this piece, targeted at science educators, we use research in science education to highlight the importance of teachers consciously making connections to aesthetic aspects of science. Caring about beauty in science can inspire a sense of wonder and curiosity.
Aesthetics and STEM education

Developing a Rhetoric of Aesthetics: The (Often) Forgotten Link Between Art and STEM is an article that digs into these ideas in depth. In essence, this article is an extended argument that builds on several lines of work including philosophy, psychology, history and biography, in order to promote a model of learning based on aesthetic ways of knowing, thinking, and exploring the world. This emphasizes key impulses that make us human. We provide a generative three-fold fractal framework that seeks to capture the entire cycle of engaging in STEM practices: from curiosity to the process of seeking answers, to a sense of completion that in turn leads to new curiosities to explore. We suggest that this leads to a powerful virtuous cycle that seeks to maintain the same sequence at different levels of learning—from the beginner to the professional scientist, mathematician, or engineer.
Of Art & algorithms
In a couple of articles (most importantly Mishra & Yadav, 2013 and Evans, Henriksen, & Mishra, 2019) we argue that the partnership of deep human content knowledge with new technological advances can lead to deeper and more profound creative insights. We explore how computational thinking, combined with deep knowledge of a discipline, can lead to creative solutions that could not have been possible before. Thus the creative output is not determined by only the individual or the technology, but rather through a “partnership” between the two.
Blog posts related to aesthetics, beauty and learning
Remembering John Langdon
John Langdon (website | wikipedia) passed away a few days ago, on January 1, 2026. He was one of the pioneers of ambigrams: words designed to be read from multiple orientations, most commonly upside down. We never met. There were opportunities but somehow it never...
The Plays I Never Saw: A Tribute to Tom Stoppard
Tom Stoppard, the renowned playwright, has died. The funny thing is that I never saw any of his plays performed. And yet he played a critical role in making me who I am. The fact that I knew this playwright by reading his plays, rather than seeing them on stage, may...
Beyond AI Slop: Pride, Joy & Creativity in a World Created by AI
Is generative AI killing creativity or helping us find new ways to be creative? In our latest AIR|GPT episode, we take on Charlie Warzel's article: A tool that crushes creativity. He argues that generative AI is destroying creative work and polluting the digital world...
The Freedom to Design: Repurposing Technology for Creative Teaching
I recently had the pleasure of joining Dr. Cyndi Burnett and Dr. Matthew Worwood on the Fueling Creativity in Education podcast for a wide-ranging conversation about teachers, technology, and creative agency. We explored a question I've been thinking about for years:...
GenAI & Trans-disciplinary Creativity: New Book Chapter
What does the advent of AI mean for human creativity? That is the focus of a new book, Generative Artificial Intelligence and Creativity: Precautions, Perspectives, and Possibilities, edited by Matthew J. Worwood and James C. Kaufman. And as it happens, Danah...
Making Thinking Visible: Some Examples of No-Code (Vibe) Coding
I was thrilled recently when my friend Josh Brake mentioned me in his Substack post about "The Forward Deployed Educator." He referenced the Unit Circle Demo I had created and wrote about how educators can now use AI tools to build custom learning experiences for...
The Yes-Bot Problem: Why Agreeable AI Makes Learning Harder
I just came across a study that should make anyone thinking about AI in education sit up and take notice. In their paper ""Check My Work?": Measuring Sycophancy in a Simulated Educational Context" researchers tested five different LLMs in a simulated educational...
Einstein’s Beams and Feynman’s Colors: What We Lost When We Debunked Learning Styles
“When I see equations, I see the letters in colors — I don’t know why. As I’m talking, I see vague pictures of Bessel functions from Jahnke and Ernde’s book, with light-tan j’s, slightly violet-bluish n’s, and dark brown x’s flying around. And I wonder what the hell...
From Classroom to Reality: Celebrating Media Mentor AI
This past spring semester, I taught (with Nicole Oster and Lindsey McCaleb) a masters/doctoral seminar on Human Creativity × AI in Education. When we set out to design the class, we knew we were venturing into relatively uncharted territory, committed to examining...
The Promise and Paradox of Creative AI: Talk at U25 Conference
I was recently invited to speak at the Universel Conference 2025: Empowering Humane Technology. You can find the abstract, and an embedded video of my talk below. The Promise and Paradox of creative AI What happens when an AI can write a mathematically perfect poem,...
From the Archives: My First Paper on Design
Earlier today I had a Zoom call with a doctoral student interested in having me on her comprehensive examination committee. During our conversation, she expressed interest in understanding the idea and process of design, particularly as it applies to educational...
Flawed Jade
I had three conversations this week. One with a colleague, one with a furniture repairer, and one with a physicist who’s been dead for decades. They fit together somehow… and this blog post is the result. Story 1 Lydia Cao is a friend, and colleague (faculty at the...
Whose Voice? Whose Accent? Navigating Authenticity & Impact in AI-Generated Content
I've had the pleasure of co-hosting the AIR|GPT podcast, where I've gotten to know Errol St. Clair Smith as one of the most thoughtful curators of education-related news and information I've encountered. Errol has this uncanny knack for bringing diverse voices...
The perfectly wrong person for the job: My essay on the future of the orchestra
Note to readers: This is the story of how I came to write an essay called "Why Gödel and Escher But Not Bach" for a book about the future of orchestras. I should add that I know almost nothing about orchestras and feel deeply uncomfortable in public classical music...
On Becoming: Insights from the Modem Futura Podcast
I recently had the pleasure of returning to the Modem Futura podcast for a second conversation with hosts Andrew Maynard and Sean Leahy, and guess what, it was even more fun than the first time around. What started as a discussion about the latest AI developments in...
